The
separate black baseball leagues came into existence because of the exclusion of
blacks by the white-controlled professional major leagues after 1900. The formation
of the Negro leagues in the 1920s came at a time when black racial pride and self-awareness
was growing. It gave the black community a popular sport - a business - with
black stars and management. It bolstered those who advocated autonomous action
and control.
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Journal of Sport History, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Summer, 1983)
Wendell Smith, the Pittsburgh
Courier-Journal and the Campaign
to Include Blacks in Organized
Baseball, 1933-1945
...... read the paper
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